Computer security terms / 컴퓨터 보안 용어들 (영어)

Buffer overflow : an error that occurs when more data is received than application can store in its buffer

Cracker : An individual who removes software protection designed to prevent unauthorized duplication

DoS attack : A concentrated attack on a computer system that relies on a large volume of service requests, thus denying legitimate users access to it.

Malware : Any type of malicious software designed to disrupt or disable a computer system.

Man-in-the-middle attack : The act of intercepting and reading or altering data transmission packets in route to their final destination.

Phreaker : An individual who attacks a telephone system or network in odder to make free calls or disrupt services.

Plymorphism : Malware that can alter its size, name, or appearance to elude detection.

Shoulder surfing : Observing password or other sensitive-data entries by looking over the shoulder of the owner.

Sniffing : A computer program or device that can monitor data transmissions.

Social engineering : Convincing a person in authority to reveal such sensitive information as passwords or computer codes

to an unauthorized recipient.

Spamming : Sending unsolicited, and typically unwanted, mass emails.

Spoofing : The act of gaining unauthorized access to a computer system by using the IP address of a trusted host.

Spyware : Software that records your keystrokes, passwords, or web browser URL preferences and communicates this information to others.

Trap door : A set of instructions in a computer program that provides a hacker access to a computer system or file.

Trojan horse : An innocent-looking computer program that also contains malware such as virus or a worm

Virus : A computer program that performs malicious actions such as erasing the contents of computer files or software programs.

Worm : A malicious computer program that can replicate itself elsewhere- for example, by using the email addresses

in computerized address books.

Logic Bomb programs : remain dormant until the computer system encounters a specific condition.